By: Brain Akutei-Azu Mateko
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting millions of women worldwide, yet many remain unaware of its impact. It is a condition that causes hormonal imbalances, leading to irregular periods, excessive hair growth, acne, weight gain, and, in some cases, infertility.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects an estimated 13–16% of women of reproductive age, with up to 70% of those affected remaining undiagnosed globally.
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but experts believe it is linked to genetic and environmental factors. High insulin levels can cause the ovaries to produce more androgens (male hormones), leading to symptoms like excessive hair growth and acne. Increased levels of testosterone and other androgens disrupt ovulation and menstrual cycles. PCOS often runs in families, suggesting a hereditary link.
Common symptoms include irregular or missed periods, excessive hair growth on the face, chest, or back, weight gain or difficulty losing weight, thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp, acne or oily skin, and difficulty getting pregnant due to irregular ovulation. Some women also experience mood swings, fatigue, and sleep problems.
Since the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, there is no sure way to prevent it. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of developing severe symptoms. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and managing stress levels can improve hormonal balance and overall well-being.
While there is no outright cure for PCOS, it can be managed effectively with the right approach. Treatment depends on the symptoms and whether a woman is trying to conceive. Doctors often recommend lifestyle changes, such as weight management through diet and exercise, to improve insulin resistance and regulate periods. Medications can also help, including:
• Birth control pills – To regulate menstrual cycles and reduce excess androgen levels, which can help with acne and hair growth.
• Metformin – A diabetes medication that helps lower insulin resistance and improve ovulation.
• Clomiphene (Clomid) and Letrozole – Used to stimulate ovulation in women who want to conceive.
• Spironolactone – An anti-androgen medication that can reduce excessive hair growth.
Despite the challenges that come with PCOS, women should not feel discouraged.
A PCOS diagnosis does not mean a woman cannot have children, live a healthy life, or feel confident in her body. Many women with PCOS go on to conceive naturally or with medical assistance. The key is early diagnosis, proper management, and emotional support.
PCOS is not a life sentence—it is a condition that can be managed with the right lifestyle, medical care, and self-acceptance. Women should seek medical attention if they notice symptoms and remember that they are not alone in this journey. With the right support and treatment, they can live full, healthy, and happy lives.
