German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier has asked Poland’s forgiveness for Nazi “tyranny”, 80 years on from the start of World War Two.
Mr. Steinmeier and other world leaders are in Poland to commemorate the outbreak of the conflict.
Early on Sunday, a ceremony was held in the Polish city of Wielun, where the first German bombs fell.
Mr. Steinmeier condemned the “desire to annihilate” that led to the attack.
“I bow my head before the Polish victims of Germany’s tyranny. And I ask forgiveness,” Mr Steinmeier said, speaking in German and Polish.
Mr. Steinmeier spoke alongside his Polish counterpart, Andrzej Duda, who denounced Nazi Germany’s attack on Poland as “an act of barbarity”.
At the ceremony, which began shortly after 04:00 (02:00 GMT), a minute’s silence was observed in memory of the victims.
EPA/Image caption: Mr. Steinmeier and Mr. Duda lit candles at a commemorative memorial
“Wielun was to show what kind of war it would be, that it would be a total war, a war without rules, a destructive war,” Mr Duda said.
Later on Sunday, other world leaders, including German Chancellor Angela Merkel and US Vice-President Mike Pence, will gather for a ceremony in the Polish capital, Warsaw.
EPA/Image caption:?Wielun was the first Polish city bombed by Germany during World War Two
Poland suffered some of the worst losses of World War Two: about six million of its citizens were killed.
Eighty years on, Poland is still demanding compensation from Germany for the death and destruction inflicted.
EPA/ Image caption: People held candles to mark the occasion at the ceremony in Wielun
Recent calls for reparations by Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, whose governing Law and Justice (PiS) party has been accused of fanning nationalist sentiment, have fuelled tensions with Germany.
A Polish parliamentary committee is still assessing the amount of compensation, but Germany argues the matter is settled.
How did World War Two start?
At dawn on 1 September 1939, the German Luftwaffe (air force) bombed the city of Wielun, a town with no military significance. Thousands of people are estimated to have died in the bombings, designed to sow terror among the civilian population.
After the attack, ordered by Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, Britain gave Germany an ultimatum to cease military operations.
When the ultimatum was ignored, Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September, igniting a six-year conflict that would kill tens of millions of people.
How is the anniversary being marked?
Aside from the ceremony in Wielun, commemorative events are also being held in Warsaw and the former military post of Westerplatte.
In Westerplatte, where Nazi German battleships attacked a Polish military base on September 1, 1939, Mr. Morawiecki and European Commission Vice-President Frans Timmermans attended a dawn remembrance.
GETTY IMAGES/Image caption: A view of rubble and ruined buildings covering the streets after the German bombing of Warsaw, Poland
Later on Sunday, Mr Steinmeier, Mr Duda and Mr Pence will deliver speeches at the ceremony in Warsaw’s Pilsudski Square, the site of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
Who is attending?
In all, around 40 foreign delegations are joining the commemorations, according to the Polish presidency.
But world leaders including US President Donald Trump, Russian President Vladimir Putin, France’s Emmanuel Macron and UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson will not be present.
Mr. Trump had been due to attend but cancelled the visit abruptly, sending Mr Pence in his place, as the US east coast braced for Hurricane Dorian.
Mr Putin was not invited, unlike 10 years ago, when he attended commemorations, remembering the estimated 600,000 Soviet soldiers killed driving out the Nazis.
Relations between the two countries, always strained by the legacy of Soviet domination after the war, plummeted after Russia annexed Crimea from Ukraine in 2014.
